Emily Bronte - Did the Writer of Wuthering Heights Have Asperger's Syndrome?
92When researching an article about Emily Bronte, I became interested in the little bit of information that is known about her behavior and personality traits. Born in 1818, Emily Jane Bronte produced a single novel, Wuthering Heights. Unappreciated in Emily's time, Wuthering Heights eventually became a must-read novel in English literature classes.
Emily Bronte herself became an intriguing figure, beloved of many young girls with a love of Victorian English literature, the dark hero, and the Gothic novel.
In my reading, I could not help but wonder if Emily Bronte had Asperger's syndrome.Her self imposed isolation, difficulty with social situations, and her ongoing obsession with the fantasy kingdom created in childhood reminded me of some of the symptoms of Aspergers.
Emily Bronte
What is Asperger's Syndrome?
Asperger's syndrome is a form of autism that does not cause developmental disabilities or language problems. Defined and described by Hans Asperger in 1944, Asperger's syndrome symptoms include social and communication problems that can lead to social isolation; an intense interest in unusual topics; and an obsessive need to follow routine. Studies have shown anorexia occurring among young women with Aspergers' with greater frequency than in the general population.
Most of us remember kids with Asperger's syndrome back in high school. They were often those students who had social anxiety problems - the brightest science student with the pocket protector who said strange things; or the kid whose fascination with a particular subject made him far more knowledgeable than the teacher. The single minded, intense interest in unusual topics is often a hallmark of people with Asperger's syndrome.
Social Isolation and Apparent Rudeness in People With Asperger's
Emily Bronte had few, perhaps, no friends outside of her family. Her older sister, Charlotte Bronte (writer of Jane Eyre) seems to have been a guiding force in the life of the motherless child. Emily followed Charlotte into boarding schools and later into teaching positions at girls' schools.
Each of her forays away from home met with failure. She objected to the grueling schedules, and missed her lack of liberty, and her time spent alone with nature.
In her final teaching position at a school in Belgium, her supervisor, M. Heger, claimed that she was one of the most brilliant people he had ever met. Yet, this job, too, met with failure. The homesick Emily returned to Haworth in Yorkshire, England.
Emily's attitude toward other people was often perceived as rude and the few stories of her relationships with neighbors and townsfolk come down to us as being aggressive and confrontational in nature. Such apparent rudeness if often associated with Asperger's.
She was a forceful presence in her own family. Charlotte referred to Emily as one of the strongest people that she ever met.
Emily Jane Bronte
Intense Interest in Unusual Subject Matter - a Symptom of Asperger's
Emily took her pleasure in long, solitary walks in the moors. Accompanied by her constant companion, a frightening and reputedly vicious mastiff named Keeper, and occasionally by her pet hawk, Emily spent an inordinate amount of time engrossed in nature.
As a child, Emily and her sisters and brother created the fantasy kingdom, Angria; populating their fictional world with interesting characters, romances, wars, and political intrigue. Feeling that Charlotte and Branwell dominated the game, Emily and her younger sister, Anne created the rival kingdom of Gondal. Long after her siblings moved on, and well into adulthood, Emily wrote poetry, took notes, and worked on the fantasy saga until her death at age 30. An intense interest in unusual subject matter is a familiar Asperger's behavior trait.
Wuthering Heights features topics that were unusual for Victorian female writers and was published under the pen name, Ellis Belle. Domestic abuse, romantic obsession, and generational revenge were prominent themes. Shocked reviewers were aghast at the singular nature of the novel, while modern readers not the complicated relationships and complex plot line.
Emily Bronte - Asperger's and Routine
Emily Bronte appeared to be hardworking in her domestic duties, and was recalled by Charlotte as being extraordinarily strong, both physically and mentally. Emily spent much time in the kitchen and was an excellent cook. So intent was she on her domestic chores, that she performed homemaking tasks even while dying of tuberculosis. Mere hours before her death, Emily was at work on a sewing project. At one point, she dropped something near the fire but was too weak to retrieve it and had to call for assistance. When her sisters sprang to her aid, they found her unable to walk on her own. She died shortly after.
Path Through the Moors Near Haworth
Emily Bronte and Anorexia Nervosa
Studies have found that anorexia nervosa occurs more frequently in people with an autism spectrum disorder than in the general population. According to one study by the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust Eating Disorder Unit, one in five anorexic young girls met the criterion for an autism spectrum disorder. Other studies suggest that 18% - 25% of teen-aged girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa met some or all of the symptoms of Asperger's syndrome.
Some scholars claim that Emily Bronte was a life long anorexic. Her early bouts with starvation came when she was sent away from home, at boarding school, and later teaching positions. She hated employment, the grueling routine set by others, and pined for the liberty she found at Haworth and on her long hikes through the moors.
In Wuthering Heights, both Catherine and Heathcliff starve themselves. In a time of powerlessness, the only way to exercise control was the power over the self, in Emily's case, a refusal of nourishment. Anorexia probably contributed to her death, weakening her system in the face of the tuberculosis that killed her. The carpenter who built her casket claimed that it was the narrowest coffin he had ever made for an adult and measured only 16" wide.
The Enigmatic Emily Bronte
Of course, we will never really know Emily Bronte. She was a private person, and amazingly creative individual. How ironic that this stand-offish, reclusive woman, who called solitude liberty, who lived her life mostly friendless, came to be so beloved of so many today. If Asperger's syndrome made Emily the unique individual and gifted writer that she was, the condition, though it caused her suffering during her life, was a gift to literature and humanity.
Is Kate Bush Channelling Emily Bronte in Her Song Wuthering Heights?
Fall Leaves Fall - A Poem by Emily Bronte
What do you think?
Do you suspect that Emily Bronte may have had Asperger's Syndrome?
See results without votingA Short Biography of Emily Bronte
- Emily Bronte - the Free Spirit And Visionary Genius Who Wrote Wuthering Heights
Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, a complex Victorian novel of love and obession. Emily Bronte, the quintessential Gothic writer - brilliant, reclusive (agoraphobic), possibly anorexic, socially awkward in a house on a hill, writing in secret and
How Could a Recluse Like Emily Bronte Create a Novel of Such Complex Interpersonal Dynamics Like Wuthering Heights?
- How Did a Recluse Like Emily Bronte Create Wuthering Heights - A Novel of Complex Interpersonal Dyna
Many people have wondered how a sheltered and reclusive person like Emily Bronte could have written Wuthering Heights, a book of such interpersonal complexity depicting the coarser side of life. Emily had no...
Summary of Wuthering Heights
- SparkNotes: Wuthering Heights: Plot Overview
A short summary of Emily Bront's Wuthering Heights. This free synopsis covers all the crucial plot points of Wuthering Heights.
A Reader's Guide to Wuthering Heights (This site is fantastic!)
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A guide to Emily Bronte's masterpiece "Wuthering Heights"
Isabella Snow Provides an Excellent Example of Someone Who Has Asperger's That Write Fiction!
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Excellent Hub on Woman and Girls With Aspergers
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Undiagnosed Asperger's Girls; Undiagnosed Asperger's women are the lost generation. In the past women and girls have been undiagnosed and mis-diagnosed in the field of autism. The term autism spectrum disorder sounds like a beautiful array of colour,
Information About Asperger's
- Info about Asperger's Syndrome
Aspies like structure and order, so trains and LEGO are a common obsessive interest Asperger's Syndrome (AS) is a neurological condition where the brain is wired differently to the majority. It is considered...
Lovely Hub About Haworth, Yorkshire
- Haworth Yorkshire
The village of Haworth in Yorkshire nestles on the Pennines and is home to the Bront sisters. Often referred to as Bront Country, it's one of the most starkly beautiful places in England.
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A member of my family has Asperger's Syndrome and this description fits her to a tea. Very interesting hub. Never knew that Emily Bronte suffered from this affliction. Thanks, Dolores.
off topic a little...I love that song and dance by Kate Bush, she is so theatrical.
So interesting! I love reading anything about the Brontes. Your suggestion about Asperger's makes a lot of sense. Too bad we'll never really know.
A fascinating hub, Dolores. You did some solid detective work on possibilities about Bronte's health.
Your suggestion makes a lot of sense. As you said, it answers so many questions. Obviously, there was something 'dysfunctional' about the family, and if Emily did have Asperger's, that sheds a bright light on it.
Interesting idea. I love the Bronte sisters and haven't heard much about Emily. Thanks for the great observations.
Dolores - this hub is so fascinating and almost spooky in a way because it seemed to just tie up all the loose ends and questions. It could just explain so many things in her life and maybe what is more relevant to so many readers, it could explain her characters. There's something about Catherine and Heathcliff that grabs the reader and stays with them forever. Maybe she poured her obsessiveness into her main characters!
Thank you - for me, you just put the pieces of what seemed fragmented together! Simply brilliant!
Sorry - I had to come back to tell you that video was wonderful too! I love Kate Bush!
Interesting -she certainly seems to tick many of the appropriate boxes,as do many of the great writers ,musicians and scientists.
That is so interesting because I just read a book by Jodi Picoult (sp) House Rules - it is all about Asperger's syndrome. It really gives you an insider's view of the life they live and then how very talented they can be. Great hub and very timely for me since I just finished that book!
Stunning review about the special traits and proclivities of that unusual writer. I'm partial to Charlotte & "Jane Eyre", but it's not difficult to see the thread of a somewhat dysfunctional family, no matter how charmingly it led to outstanding literature! Realizing that Emily probably suffered from more specific physical ailments certainly makes her work more understandable. Somehow the entire 19th century seems a bit gloomy, though, as though a thick cloud hovers over it.
Thanks for this extremely well-done hub, Dolores!
That was just one of her good ones - Picoult's - I do wonder if that is really true though about the immunizations causing it nowadays. I do medical transcription and it certainly is on the rise like you would not believe. But then how did Ms. Bronte contract it so that gives you thought about it being genetic 'all by itself'. It is a hard syndrome to understand but I think the more we know about how hard it is for the person afflicted, the kinder view we can have.
Quite interesting :)
I have Asperger's syndrome and a long history of anorexia nervosa. In fact, it was only through treatment of my anorexia nervosa (and accompanying social anxiety, OCD and depression) that my psychiatrist recognised that Asperger's syndrome explained many of my mental health difficulties.
It is often said that anorexia nervosa is caused by cultural pressure to look a certain way (e.g. like a model or skinny celebrity). My anorexia had NOTHING to do with desiring a thin or 'perfect' body. Rather, it was a means of trying to 'disappear' from the stressful, adolescent world that I felt I didn't fit into. I never tried to lose weight, but developed an obsession with counting calories and all nutrients in foods. I made charts and tables of everything I would eat and all the exercise I would do because it made me feel more in control of my existence.
Anorexia nervosa is all about rules, routines and rituals. In some people those rules, routine and rituals are borne out of a fear of weight gain and body dissatisfaction, for others, like me, it is the routines that are important. I was not terrified of getting fat, but terrified that without my anorexic routines the world would be a chaotic and unpredictable place, just as it felt to be in the months before I became anorexic.
Sorry about the long comment... I thought I might be able to 'shed some light' on the relationship between anorexia nervosa and Asperger's syndrome by explaining my own experiences. It does sound as if Emily Bronte had many symptoms of Asperger's syndrome and anorexia nervosa; however, people with Asperger's syndrome tend to find it difficult to write fiction. I certainly do. This is because social imagination is limited in Asperger's syndrome.
Thanks for your reply Dolores... I am better in control of my anorexia nervosa - thanks. Actually, I am quite recovered - after 4 years of intensive one-to-one therapy and > 30 pounds weight gain.
I can appreciate Emily Bronte's need to control her life - and why she felt anorexia nervosa was a means to do so. Not only does anorexia nervosa provide an illusory means of control, it also instils the person with an illusory sense of power. It's difficult to articulate precisely what I mean by that and it only became clearer to me how anorexia nervosa had controlled me when I started my recovery journey. Eating more terrified me. I felt desperately out of control of 'something' and quite powerless. The anxiety lessened with time, but the process of recovery has been hellish. And now I am trying to survive the world with Asperger's!
From what I have read, Asperger's can present quite differently in girls/women than boys/men. Girls may appear 'normal' unless people spend a long time with them and observe their style of play and human interactions. Asperger girls' 'special interests' are often less obscure than Asperger boys' interests.
My brother and father have Asperger's and they are very different to me. I am better than them socially, mainly because I have made the effort to engage with people, while they spend a lot of time avoiding social situations. I am certainly not the most social creature on this planet; I struggle with groups and 'small talk' and I prefer to be on my own. However, I have been told many a time that "no (wo)man is an island". We all need other humans for support.
Thanks for this interesting post!
This is really interesting, and has inspired me to re-read Wuthering Heights!
I was rather put off the Brontes by having Jane Eyre as a setwork in high school. I found it a depressing book. So I have never read WH. Maybe should give it a try sometimje. This Hub though was very interesting. I think most creative people are "different" in some way or other. And the need to control is often poart of that difference.
There is in South Africa a long-running pop music quiz show and a contestant some two or three years ago had an uncanny ability to recognise songs and to make associations with songs and so scored very high. His ability to do this was accompanied by a high level of social anxiety - he appeared highly uncomfotable on the show and in the final, when he was up against another finalist he could not answer some question and his anxiety came through so clearly - he couldn't handle that fact that he did not win. Interesting the link with the obsessive interest.
Thanks for this very interesting hypothesis.
Love and peace
Tony
i have asperges syndrome and i think that i sounds quite likely that emily bronte had it. a lot of talented people have this and even now it is hard to get diagnosed if you don't have signifcant learning difficults.
Interesting hub. Reading your research, I think is is possible she may have had Asperger's, but more likely mental illness associated with anorexia (which would have made her irritable and confrontational). I remember talking to a recovering anorexic and she said her mental state was very altered when under the grip of her illness - obsessive thoughts etc
that is really interesting.
I do agree the traits you point out sound like AS. I have read that those with AS are more likely to suffer an eating disorder. From what you describe, anorexia has roots in OCD too? (which also has overlap with AS, but can be co-morbid with AS).
Dolores,
What an awesome job on this hub. It was very interesting reading about the life of Emily Bronte. You have researched this one well. As far as the AS, I think you are probably right on. Makes perfect sense to me.
Sage
We always learn something new. Great job!
interesting hub..I learned something new today :)
I found this fascinating for many reasons. One, I'm a complete literature nerd. Two, I am someone with Asperger's. One thing that is interesting is that while most boys with it are obsessed with facts and figures, many girls (like me) become obsessed with literature. I've spent much of life reading and writing. Of course, we'll never know for sure, but I'd be willing to bet that she was somewhere on the spectrum.
Pat writes - I probably think about "Wuthering Heights" more often than any other book that I have ever read. This may be because my usual walk from home to the shops is via a grave yard. However, one of my recurring thoughts is that the plot is so weird - one of the main characters is dead about 1/3rd of the way through the story.
It never occured to me that Emily Bronte may have had Asperger's. Don't know, but it could explain the extraordinary story.
Wonderful hub! It was a pleasure to read--the Brontes were such an interesting family.
Btw, that Kate Bush music video brought back memories of my senior year when we read Wuthering Heights. Someone brought in the song and we'd play it whenever the teacher was out of the room. It became sort of our class anthem! The video's quite...strange, ha ha! I'll have to share it with my friends.
I would suggest a good short read of "An Enigma of Brontes" by Maureen Peters. Its a wonderful history of the Brontes and I found I felt, after reading how Charlotte's life ended, very close to her. I'd always loved Jane Eyre and enjoyed WH also but the strangeness of it was less attractive to me. I guess I love a happy ending and wish that Charlotte could have lived out her life with her Rodchester also.. alas it was not to be. I am currently reading "Charlotte and Emily" by Jude Morgan, a fair book also. I'd like to know if her child(Charlottes) lived and if there are any relations of hers alive yet today? Very interesting hub Delores!!
There are many answers and perspectives to the questions which an author poses through his writing. This hub presents a brilliant insight. Thanks.
Great insight on a great author. This is a well written hub. I'm doing a series on literary origins, if you want to check it out.
Great, such a super read, thank you.
I'd be interested to know if you've had the opportunity to visit the Bronte Parsonage in Haworth. It's only an hour's drive from my home and I've been there many times with overseas visitors. The sofa upon which Emily died is still there to see and also her dog Keeper's massive collar.
I enjoyed your hub and found it very interesting. I’ve been fascinated with the Bronte family for a long time, especially Emily. Wuthering Heights is my favorite book. I‘ve made one trip to Haworth, the Bronte Parsonage and the surrounding moors. That was a wonderful visit that I will always remember.
If you are interested in the Bronte family, then come and see 'The Bronte Boy', detailing the life and times of Branwell Bronte. Produced by Encore Theatre Company, this play explores why Branwell failed where his sisters succeeded. Was it the amount of expectations placed on his shoulders?
The play is at the Leeds Carriageworks 14-16 April 2011, and at the Halifax Arts Chapel 20 & 21 April 2011.
I have a daughter with Asperger's, so I am quite familiar with it. I was recently reading a Bronte biography and wondered the same thing about Emily for many of the same reasons: need to be alone or with just a few familiar people; social reclusiveness/awkwardness; seeming inability to read (disinterest in reading) others' emotions; fixed 'special' interests; extreme creativity/genius. I definitely buy this theory.
Very interesting hub! Wuthering Heights is my most favorite book from the Bronte sisters beside Jane Eyre. In fact I have seen different television films of Wuthering Heights made by Americans and British Productions. The British version is still the best. Voted up. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you very much for sharing this information! Wow, I've read "Wuthering Heights" a dozen times, but with these new theories about its author I think the book will be even more fascinating. You did a great job proving your theories; thanks again.
I always loved that story, 'Wuthering Heights!' It is a definite possibility she suffered with this mental illness, as you describe it. But, even so...she was a great and powerful author. Her story has moved on, way beyond her time. : ) Great hub, found it not only interesting but enlightening. Thanks for the share.
Interesting observations. Excellent point about the restricted lives of women in that era. Emily Dickinson was also reclusive. As you say, we can never know everything we'd like -- whether Emily Bronte had this syndrome or not, it makes sense that she developed ways of coping with being a brilliant woman in a society that limited women to such confined roles. A preoccupation with fantasy also provides a way of dealing with loneliness and alienation. Thanks for your work on this.
Interesting angle! The title caught my eye because our little guy has some Asperger's Syndrome symptoms but his actual diagnosis is autism. I love the way you reflected back on forth from the AS to Bronte. Great read, I've shared it with my social network.
I work with service users with Asperger Syndrome and as soon as I read a biography of Emily Bronte I googled her name linked
with Asperger. There seems a very strong likelihood that she had the syndrome to me.
Another sign may be Emily's reaction to her brothers alcoholism. She seems to have appeared to be less affected by it than the rest of the family, to be more removed and dispassionate, more observational. This was seen as being more sympathetic but it may be that she wasn't able to empathise in the same way. It would be interesting to look at empathy in Wuthering Heights, I wonder if there is much ( can't remember!)
I just see Emily Bronte as an avant-guarde feminist. maybe she has Asperger's Sundrome as many other artists have some other mental issues. They are special and different, and having extremity in many aspects. if they sacrifice the individual happiness for the greatness of art, we are lucky and should be thankful:)
This is a excellent and very interesting hub about emily bronte....one of mr favorite writersbeside her sister charlotte...thankyou for sharing your thoughts..I voted way up..debbie
This is a really interesting hub. I never heard this angle before. Thanks for the serious research and thought that went into this.

















































lalesu Level 1 Commenter 24 months ago
This is a wonderful overview of the writer's life and an interesting angle on her brilliant mind.